I. kusokoneza makina

Kukonzekera musanachotse

A. Malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kukhala aakulu, owala, osalala komanso oyera.

B. Zipangizo zochotsera zinthu zakonzedwa bwino ndi zofunikira zoyenera.

C. Konzani choyimitsira, kugawa beseni ndi ng'oma yamafuta pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana

Mfundo zazikulu zoyendetsera makina

A. Malinga ndi chitsanzo ndi deta yofunikira, makhalidwe a kapangidwe kake ndi ubale wa msonkhano wa chitsanzocho zitha kumveka bwino, kenako njira ndi masitepe owonongeka ndi kuchotsedwa zitha kudziwika.

B. Sankhani zida ndi zida moyenera. Ngati kuwonongeka kwa zinthu kukuvuta, choyamba dziwani chomwe chikuyambitsa vutoli ndikuchitapo kanthu koyenera kuti muthetse vutoli.

C. Mukachotsa ziwalo kapena makonzedwe okhala ndi malangizo ndi zizindikiro zinazake, malangizo ndi zizindikirozo ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Ngati zizindikirozo zatayika, ziyenera kulembedwanso.

D. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kapena kutayika kwa ziwalo zosweka, ziyenera kusungidwa padera malinga ndi kukula ndi kulondola kwa ziwalozo, ndipo ziyenera kuyikidwa mu dongosolo loti zichotsedwe. Zigawo zolondola komanso zofunika ziyenera kusungidwa mwapadera.

E. Maboluti ndi mtedza zomwe zachotsedwa ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso pamalo pake popanda kusokoneza kukonza, kuti zisatayike ndikuthandizira kusonkhana.

F. Kuchotsa zinthu ngati pakufunika. Kwa iwo omwe sakuchotsa zinthu, akhoza kuweruzidwa kuti ali bwino. Koma kufunika kochotsa zinthuzo kuyenera kuchotsedwa, osati kuti tipewe mavuto ndi kusasamala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukonza kukhale bwino sikungatsimikizidwe.

(1) Pa kulumikizana komwe kumakhala kovuta kusokoneza kapena komwe kudzachepetsa ubwino wa kulumikizana ndikuwononga gawo la zida zolumikizira pambuyo pochotsa, kusokoneza kuyenera kupewedwa momwe kungathekere, monga kutseka kulumikizana, kulumikizana kosokoneza, kulumikiza riveting ndi welding, ndi zina zotero.

(2) poika gawolo pa njira yomenyera, chogwirira chofewa kapena nyundo kapena nkhonya chopangidwa ndi zinthu zofewa (monga mkuwa weniweni) chiyenera kupakidwa bwino kuti chisawononge pamwamba pa gawolo.

(3) mphamvu yoyenera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zinthuzo, ndipo chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa poteteza zigawo zazikulu ku kuwonongeka kulikonse. Pa magawo awiri a machesi, ngati pakufunika kuwononga gawo, ndikofunikira kusunga zigawo zamtengo wapatali, zovuta pakupanga kapena zabwino.

(4) zigawo zazikulu ndi zazitali komanso zazikulu, monga shaft yopyapyala, screw, ndi zina zotero, zimatsukidwa, kudzozedwa mafuta ndikupachikidwa moyimirira zitachotsedwa. Zigawo zolemera zimatha kuthandizidwa ndi fulcrum zingapo kuti zipewe kusinthika.

(5) Zigawo zochotsedwa ziyenera kutsukidwa mwachangu momwe zingathere ndikupakidwa mafuta oletsa dzimbiri. Kuti zikhale zolondola, komanso mapepala opaka mafuta, kuti dzimbiri lisawonongeke kapena kugundana pamwamba. Zigawo zambiri ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zigawo, kenako nkuyikidwa pambuyo polemba chizindikiro.

(6) chotsani zinthu zazing'ono komanso zosavuta kutayika, monga zomangira, mtedza, ma washer ndi ma pini, ndi zina zotero, kenako muziike pa zinthu zazikulu momwe mungathere mutatsuka kuti mupewe kutayika. Zinthu zomwe zili pa shaft zitachotsedwa, ndi bwino kuziyika kwakanthawi ku shaft momwe zinalili poyamba kapena kuziyika pa chingwe ndi waya wachitsulo, zomwe zingathandize kwambiri ntchito yomanga mtsogolo.

(7) Chotsani ngalande, chikho cha mafuta ndi mafuta ena odzola kapena ozizira, madzi ndi njira za gasi, mitundu yonse ya ziwalo zamadzimadzi, chisindikizo cholowera ndi kutumiza kunja chiyenera kuchotsedwa pambuyo poyeretsa kuti fumbi ndi zonyansa zisalowe m'madzi.

(8) pochotsa gawo lozungulira, mkhalidwe woyambirira wa balance suyenera kusokonezedwa momwe zingathere.

(9) pa zowonjezera za gawo zomwe zimatha kusunthika ndipo zilibe chipangizo choyimilira kapena mawonekedwe owongolera, ziyenera kulembedwa chizindikiro pambuyo poti zachotsedwa kuti zidziwike mosavuta panthawi yopangira.

II. Kusonkhanitsa makina

Njira yopangira makina ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yodziwira mtundu wa kukonza makina, kotero iyenera kukhala:

(1) ziwalo zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo zomwe zafotokozedwa, ndipo ziwalo zilizonse zosayenerera sizingasonkhanitsidwe. Gawoli liyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala lisanasonkhanitsidwe.

(2) njira yoyenera yofananira iyenera kusankhidwa kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira pakulinganiza molondola. Kukonza makina kwa ntchito zambiri ndiko kubwezeretsa kulinganiza kolondola kwa cholumikizirana, kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti kukwaniritse zofunikira pakusankha, kukonza, kusintha ndi njira zina. Zotsatira za kukulitsa kutentha ziyenera kuganiziridwa pa kusiyana koyenera. Pazigawo zoyenera zopangidwa ndi zipangizo zokhala ndi ma coefficients osiyanasiyana okulitsa, pamene kutentha kozungulira panthawi yopangira zinthu kumasiyana kwambiri ndi kutentha panthawi yogwira ntchito, kusintha kwa kusiyana komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha izi kuyenera kulipidwa.

(3) kusanthula ndikuwona kulondola kwa unyolo wa kukula kwa msonkhano, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakulondola kudzera mu kusankha ndi kusintha.

(4) pokonza dongosolo la kusonkhana kwa ziwalo za makina, mfundo yake ndi iyi: choyamba mkati kenako kunja, choyamba chovuta kenako chosavuta, choyamba kulondola kenako zonse.

(5) sankhani njira zoyenera zosonkhanitsira ndi zida zosonkhanitsira.

(6) samalani ndi kuyeretsa ndi kudzola ziwalo. Zigawo zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino kaye, ndipo zigawo zomwe zikusuntha ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mafuta oyera pamalo osuntha.

(7) samalani ndi kutseka mu msonkhano kuti mupewe "kutuluka katatu". Kuti mugwiritse ntchito kapangidwe kotsekedwa ndi zida zotsekera, simungagwiritse ntchito zinthu zina zosafunikira. Samalani ubwino ndi ukhondo wa pamwamba potsekera. Samalani njira yosonkhanitsira zisindikizo ndi kulimba kwa msonkhano, kuti zisindikizo zosasunthika zigwiritsidwe ntchito chisindikizo choyenera cha sealant.

(8) samalani ndi zofunikira pakupanga chipangizo chotseka ndikutsatira malamulo achitetezo.

III. Zinthu zofunika kusamalidwa pochotsa ndi kusonkhanitsa zisindikizo zamakina

Chisindikizo cha makina ndi njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri yozungulira chisindikizo cha thupi la makina, kulondola kwake kokonza kumakhala kwakukulu, makamaka mphete yosinthasintha, ngati njira yochotsera si yoyenera kapena yosayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kusonkhana kwa chisindikizo cha makina sikungolephera kukwaniritsa cholinga chotseka, komanso kudzawononga zigawo zotsekera zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa.

1. Zoyenera kusamala mukamasula

1) Pochotsa chisindikizo cha makina, n'koletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito nyundo ndi fosholo yathyathyathya kuti mupewe kuwononga chinthu chotseka.

2) Ngati pali zotsekera zamakina kumapeto onse a pampu, muyenera kusamala mukamachotsa kuti chimodzi chisatayike china.

3) pa chisindikizo cha makina chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngati pamwamba pa chisindikizocho pasuntha pamene gland yamasuka, zigawo za rotor ndi stator ring ziyenera kusinthidwa, ndipo siziyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mutazimangirira. Chifukwa mutamasula, njira yoyambirira yoyendetsera ya friction pair idzasintha, kutseka pamwamba pa contact kudzawonongeka mosavuta.

4) ngati chinthu chotsekeracho chalumikizidwa ndi dothi kapena condensate, chotsani condensate musanachotse chisindikizo cha makina.

2. Zosamala mukakhazikitsa

1) Musanayike, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mosamala ngati kuchuluka kwa zida zotsekera zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi kokwanira komanso ngati zidazo zawonongeka, makamaka ngati pali zolakwika zilizonse monga kugundana, ming'alu ndi kusintha kwa mphete zosinthika komanso zosasinthasintha. Ngati pali vuto lililonse, konzani kapena kusintha ndi zida zatsopano zosinthira.

2) yang'anani ngati ngodya ya chamfering ya sleeve kapena gland ndi yoyenera, ndipo ngati sikukwaniritsa zofunikira, iyenera kudulidwa.

3) Zigawo zonse za chisindikizo cha makina ndi malo olumikizirana nawo ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi acetone kapena anhydrous alcohol musanayike. Sungani zoyera panthawi yoyika, makamaka mphete zosunthika ndi zosasunthika ndipo zinthu zothandizira zotsekera ziyenera kukhala zopanda zinyalala ndi fumbi. Ikani mafuta oyera kapena mafuta a turbine pamwamba pa mphete zosunthika ndi zosasunthika.

4) chiwalo chapamwamba chiyenera kumangidwa pambuyo polumikizana. Mabotolo ayenera kumangidwa mofanana kuti apewe kupotoka kwa gawo la chiwalo. Yang'anani mfundo iliyonse ndi chofewetsera kapena chida chapadera. Cholakwikacho sichiyenera kupitirira 0.05mm.

5) yang'anani kusiyana kofanana (ndi kukhazikika) pakati pa gland ndi m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa shaft kapena shaft sleeve, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali kufanana mozungulira, ndikuwunikira kulekerera kwa mfundo iliyonse ndi pulagi yosapitirira 0.10mm.

6) kuchuluka kwa kasupe wopanikizika kuyenera kuchitika motsatira zomwe zalembedwa. Sikololedwa kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri kapena kochepa kwambiri. Cholakwika ndi ± 2.00mm. Kakang'ono kwambiri kangayambitse kupanikizika kosakwanira ndipo sikungathe kutseka, kasupe atayikidwa pampando wa kasupe kuti asunthe mosavuta. Mukagwiritsa ntchito kasupe mmodzi, samalani ndi komwe kasupe amazungulira. Kuzungulira kwa kasupe kuyenera kukhala kosiyana ndi komwe kasupe amazungulira.

7) mphete yosunthika iyenera kusungidwa yosinthasintha ikayikidwa. Iyenera kubwereranso yokha ikakanikiza mphete yosunthika ku kasupe.

8) Choyamba ikani mphete yotsekera mphete yokhazikika kumbuyo kwa mphete yokhazikika, kenako ikani mu chivundikiro cha kumapeto kwa chivundikiro. Samalani chitetezo cha gawo la mphete yokhazikika, kuti muwonetsetse kuti gawo la mphete yokhazikika ndi mzere wapakati wa chivundikiro cha kumapeto, ndi kumbuyo kwa mphete yokhazikika yotsutsana ndi kuzungulira zikugwirizana ndi pini yotsutsana ndi kusamutsa, koma musawapangitse kuti agwirizane.

9) Pakukhazikitsa, sikuloledwa kugogoda mwachindunji chinthu chotsekera ndi zida. Pakufunika kugogoda, zida zapadera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kugogoda chinthu chotsekera ngati chawonongeka.